{"id":35054,"date":"2025-07-02T15:54:59","date_gmt":"2025-07-02T22:54:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pcc.edu\/library\/?post_type=html_handouts&p=35054"},"modified":"2025-08-07T15:20:05","modified_gmt":"2025-08-07T22:20:05","slug":"chicago-citation-samples","status":"publish","type":"html_handouts","link":"https:\/\/www.pcc.edu\/library\/html_handouts\/chicago-citation-samples\/","title":{"rendered":"Chicago Citation Samples"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

This handout shows how to cite different kinds of sources in Chicago format with formulas for elements of citations, and with examples.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Business Administration program at Portland Community College (PCC BA) requires use of the Chicago Manual of Style in  \u201cNotes and Bibliography\u201d format, for proper attribution of sources used in business writing. See the Business Style Guide<\/em> PDF<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Notes and Bibliography<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNotes\u201d can be either footnotes, or endnotes.  For PCC BA, the choice depends on the number of sources referred to: footnotes are for fewer, and endnotes are for more sources.  Notes list the author in first name then last name order (for example, Malcom Gladwell).  Notes include page numbers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

When using sources with multiple authors in notes, use the first author\u2019s name followed by the abbreviation \u201cet al.\u201d The abbreviation \u201cet al\u201d is NOT used in bibliographies; see below for the handling of multiple authors. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

All PCC BA documents that refer to outside sources should include a bibliography. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cShort notes\u201d are used if the same source is used again–for example using the same source but a different page number– rather than using the abbreviation \u201cibid\u201d.  Short notes list only the author\u2019s last name.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Authors<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

One author<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

List last name first, followed by the author\u2019s first name.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example<\/h5>\n\n\n

Mogharreban, Majeed.

<\/p>\n\n\n

Two to three authors<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Keep to the order of authors as they appear in the source (not necessarily alphabetically). For the first author, list last name first, followed by the author\u2019s first name. List the other author names in regular order, separated by commas, adding \u201cand\u201d before the last author listed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example<\/h5>\n\n\n

Schilit, Howard, Jeremy Perler, and Yoni Engelhart.

<\/p>\n\n\n

Four to ten authors<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

List the first author in last name first order, and then up to ten author names in regular order, separated by commas, adding \u201cand\u201d before the last author listed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example<\/h5>\n\n\n

Cantrell, Jennifer, Jennifer M. Kreslake, Ollie Ganz, Jennifer L. Pearson, Donna Vallone, Andrew Anesetti-Rothermel, Haijun Xiao, and Thomas R. Kirchner.

<\/p>\n\n\n

Ten or more authors<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

List the first seven authors, ending with et. al.<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Books<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Printed books<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Basic Format<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Last name, first name. Title of Work: Subtitle<\/em>. City of publication: Publisher, Year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example <\/h6>\n\n\n

Mogharreban, Majeed. Expert Speaker: 5 Steps to Grow Your Business with Public Speaking<\/em>. New York: MJ, 2020.

<\/p>\n\n\n

Books with an editor(s) rather than author<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
Example <\/h6>\n\n\n

Dinsmore, Paul C., and Jeannette Cabanis-Brewin, eds. The AMA Handbook of Project Management<\/em>. 3rd ed. New York: American Management Association, 2011.

<\/p>\n\n\n

Books with chapters by different authors \u2013 chapter in a book<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
Example: Bibliography entry <\/h6>\n\n\n

Watson, Lemuel W., and Joshua Moon Johnson, eds. Authentic 沙巴体育官网: An Engaged Discussion of LGBTQ Work as Culturally Relevant<\/em>. Charlotte: Information Age Publishing, 2013.

<\/p>\n\n\n

Example: Note<\/h6>\n\n\n

Miller, Shae. “Transcending Boundaries and Transforming Knowledge: Transgender\u00a0沙巴体育官网\u00a0as a College Student, Mentor, and Educator.” In Authentic 沙巴体育官网: An Engaged Discussion of LGBTQ Work as Culturally Relevant.<\/em>, ed. Lemuel W. Watson (Charlotte: Information Age Publishing, 2013), 15-28.

<\/p>\n\n\n

Example: Short note<\/h6>\n\n\n\n

Miller, \u201cTranscending Boundaries and Transforming Knowledge.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Translated books<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
Example <\/h6>\n\n\n

Kornfeldt, Torill. The Re-Origin of Species: A Second Chance for Extinct Animals<\/em>. Translated by Fiona Graham. Melbourne: Scribe, 2018.

<\/p>\n\n\n

Ebooks<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Format<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Follow the same format as for print books; end the bibliography entry with a doi (preferred) or the  provider of the ebook. If the book is available from a website, include the web address. This information will always be the last part of the citation for an ebook. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Examples <\/h6>\n\n\n

Abernathy, Penelope Muse, and JoAnn Sciarrino. The Strategic Digital Media Entrepreneur<\/em>. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell, 2019. Wiley Online Books.

<\/p>\n\n

Colwell, Ken. Starting a Business QuickStart Guide: The Simplified Beginner\u2019s Guide to Launching a Successful Small Business, Turning Your Vision into Reality, and Achieving Your Entrepreneurial Dream<\/em>. Albany, NY: ClydeBank Media LLC, 2019. Kindle.

<\/p>\n\n

Scott, Jonathan T. The Entrepreneur\u2019s Guide to Building a Successful Business: Experience and Advice from Hundreds of Small Business Owners\/operators in Fourteen Countries<\/em>. Brussels: EFMD, 2017. https:\/\/efmdglobal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/The-Entrepreneurs-Guide-to-Building-a-Successful-Business-2017.pdf.

<\/p>\n\n\n

Journals<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Format<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Follow the rules above for multiple authors. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

List article title with quote marks; italicize the journal title.  Include volume number and issue number, using \u201cno.\u201d for the issue number. Put the year of publication in parentheses. End with inclusive page numbers.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the article was accessed through a database list the name of the database as the last element, or, if accessed via the web list the permanent link. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add the Digital Object Identifier web address if available.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Examples <\/h5>\n\n\n

Kurzweil, Ray. “Promise and Peril — The Deeply Intertwined Poles of 21st Century Technology.” Communications of the ACM<\/em> 44, no. 03 (2001): 88-91. Business Source Premier.

<\/p>\n\n

Miller Lo, Erin J., Daniel P. Giovenco, Olivia E. Wackowski, Melissa B. Harrell, Cheryl L. Perry, and Cristine D. Delnevo. “The Cigarette and Smokeless Tobacco Markets in Texas Relative to the United States.” Tobacco Regulatory Science<\/em> 3, no. 2 (2017): 183-191. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5359544\/.

<\/p>\n\n

Robinson, Tom, Mark Popovich, Robert Gustafson, and Cliff Fraser. “Older Adults\u2019 Perceptions of Offensive Senior Stereotypes in Magazine Advertisements: Results of a Q Method Analysis.” Educational Gerontology<\/em> 29, no. 6 (2003): 503-519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/713844392.

<\/p>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Magazine and news articles<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Format<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Include the full date (month, day, and year) for magazine or news articles.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do not include the page number(s) except in a Note. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Italicize the magazine or news providers\u2019 name.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the article was accessed through a database, add the database name as the last element. Include the web link if the article was accessed online. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: Bibliography<\/h5>\n\n\n

Copeland, Rob, Dana Mattioli, and Melanie Evans. “Google Will See You Now — the Search Giant Has Been Pushing Into Health Care, Gaining Access to Millions of Patient Records.” Wall Street Journal<\/em>, January 11, 2020. US Major Dailies.

<\/p>\n\n

Herron, Elise. “Oregon Company Tofurky Granted Temporary Win in Arkansas Meat Labeling Law Battle.” Willamette Week<\/em>, December 12, 2019. https:\/\/www.wweek.com\/news\/2019\/12\/12\/oregon-company-tofurky-granted-temporary-win-in-arkansas-meat-labeling-law-battle\/.

<\/p>\n\n\n

Example: Note<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Rob Copeland, \u201cGoogle Will See You Now,\u201d Wall Street Journal<\/em>, January 11, 2020. B1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Web content<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Format<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

If the date on the web page is a \u201clast modified date,\u201d include that phrase. If no date is apparent, note an \u201cAccessed\u201d date. List the web address.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example<\/h6>\n\n\n\n

\u201cCSR Or Sustainability Report \u2013 Definition, Meaning, Benefits & Examples From Companies,\u201d YouMatter, last modified December 21, 2018, https:\/\/youmatter.world\/en\/definition\/definitions-csr-report-important-examples\/.<\/p>\n\n\n

“CSR Or Sustainability Report \u2013 Definition, Meaning, Benefits & Examples From Companies,” YouMatter, Last modified December 21, 2018. https:\/\/youmatter.world\/en\/definition\/definitions-csr-report-important-examples\/.

<\/p>\n\n

Ehmke, Cole, and Jay Akridge. “The Elements of a Business Plan: First Steps for New Entrepreneurs,” Purdue University, September 2005. https:\/\/www.extension.purdue.edu\/extmedia\/ec\/ec-735.pdf.

<\/p>\n\n

Marshall, Dave. “Double Entry Accounting,” accessed January 17, 2020. http:\/\/www.double-entry-accounting.com\/double-entry-accounting.html.

<\/p>\n\n\n

More about Chicago style and citations<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

More about Chicago<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

For a complete list of citations for sources not listed here, please consult:<\/p>\n\n\n\n